Innovative E-Module Development Through Flipped Book and Employability Skill Learning Integration: Advancing Competency Spa Therapy in Vocational High School

Murni Astuti; Rahmiati Rahmiati; Siska Miga Dewi; Arasinah Kamis; Rahmat Desman Koto; Adisty Akhoma Ummah

doi:10.26737/jetl.v10i2.7615

Innovative E-Module Development Through Flipped Book and Employability Skill Learning Integration: Advancing Competency Spa Therapy in Vocational High School

Murni Astuti, Rahmiati Rahmiati, Siska Miga Dewi, Arasinah Kamis, Rahmat Desman Koto, Adisty Akhoma Ummah

Abstract

This research presents the development and implementation of an innovative e-module that integrates flipped book technology with employability skills learning for body spa material in a Vocational High School. Using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, this study examines the relationships between Integrated E-Modules, Learning Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Body SPA Skills, and Employability Skills. Data were collected from 64 vocational high school students specialising in the Body Spa subject (32 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group) using validated instruments. Results show that Integrated E-Modules significantly enhance students’ learning motivation and Self-Efficacy, with the experimental group demonstrating a 21.6% increase in skills compared to the control group (7.7%). Self-efficacy proved to be a key mediator in the relationship between Integrated E-Modules and Body Spa Skills, while Learning Motivation did not show a significant mediating role. This research contributes to educational technology literature by identifying the psychological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of learning technology in supporting quality education in practical vocational fields.

Keywords

integrated e-modules, flipped book, employability skill, body spa skills, self-efficacy, learning motivation, quality education.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abuhassna, H., Yahaya, N., Zakaria, M. A. Z. M., Zaid, N. M., Samah, N. A., Awae, F., Nee, C. K., & Alsharif, A. H. (2023). Trends on Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for Online Learning: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 13(1), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2023.13.1.1788

Adhayanti, I., & Pakadang, S. R. (2025). Development of a medicinal chemistry e-module using a team-based learning strategyDevelopment of a medicinal chemistry e-module using a team-based learning strategy. JINoP (Jurnal Inovasi Pembelajaran), 11(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22219/jinop.v11i1.28934

Adijaya, M. A., Widiana, I. W., Agung Parwata, I. G. L., & Suwela Antara, I. G. W. (2023). Bloom’s Taxonomy Revision-Oriented Learning Activities to Improve Procedural Capabilities and Learning Outcomes. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 9(1), 261–270. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1378316

Afthanorhan, A., Ghazali, P. L., & Rashid, N. (2021). Discriminant Validity: A Comparison of CBSEM and Consistent PLS using Fornell & Larcker and HTMT Approaches. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1874(1), 012085. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1874/1/012085

Akpokiniovo, E. D., & Ogbuanya, T. C. (n.d.). Initial training as predictor of students’ motivation and practical skill engagement: Mediating impact of learning self-efficacy. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2024.2387663

Almanasreh, E., Moles, R., & Chen, T. F. (2019). Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 15(2), 214–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066

Almulla, M. A. (2023). Constructivism learning theory: A paradigm for students’ critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving to affect academic performance in higher education. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2172929. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2172929

Antonietti, C., Cattaneo, A., & Amenduni, F. (2022). Can teachers’ digital competence influence technology acceptance in vocational education? Computers in Human Behavior, 132, 107266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107266

Apriandi, D., Retnawati, H., & Maman Abadi, A. (2022). Construct Validity and Reliability of the Learning Motivation Questionnaire. TEM Journal, 1494–1499. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM114-09

Arsih, F., Alberida, H., Rahmi, Y. L., Fajrina, S., & Fadilah, M. (2024). The Effect of the Digital Book-Assisted Randai Learning Model on Students’ Problem-Solving Skills and Information Literacy. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 12(1), e2753–e2753. https://doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.2753

Astuti, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of the Use of Learning Media of Interactive Multimedia in Facial Skin Care Courses. 2020 Third International Conference on Vocational Education and Electrical Engineering (ICVEE), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/icvee50212.2020.9243259

Astuti, M., Rahmiati, R., Dewi, S. M., Thaitami, S. H., & Koto, R. D. (2024). Praktikalitas E-Modul Flipped Book Berbasis Employability Skill Learning untuk Kompetensi Spa Therapies Siswa SMK Kecantikan. Ensiklopedia Education Review, 6(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.33559/eer.v6i3.1729

Astuti, M., Rahmiati, R., Novita, S. Z., & Oktarina, R. (2019). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Multimedia Interaktif Mata Kuliah Perawatan Kulit Wajah. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Pendidikan, 12(2), 52–58. https://doi.org/10.24036/tip.v12i2.250

Astuti, M., & Thaitami, S. H. (2023). 3D Multimedia E-Book Based on Mobile Learning Basic Competency of Artistic Hair Coloring. International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering, 7(1), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v7i1.53662

Bacio, S. P., Jr. (2025). Identifying Learners’ Least-Mastered Competencies in Filipino 11: A Foundation for Digital Module Development. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(6), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.6.2330

Bilotta, E., Bertacchini, F., Gabriele, L., Giglio, S., Pantano, P. S., & Romita, T. (2021). Industry 4.0 technologies in tourism education: Nurturing students to think with technology. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100275

Chuang, Y.-T., Huang, T.-H., Lin, S.-Y., & Chen, B.-C. (2022). The influence of motivation, self-efficacy, and fear of failure on the career adaptability of vocational school students: Moderated by meaning in life. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958334

Dash, G., & Paul, J. (2021). CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 173, 121092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121092

Delita, F., Berutu, N., & Nofrion. (2022). Online Learning: The Effects of Using E-Modules on Self-Efficacy, Motivation and Learning Outcomes. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 23(4), 93–107. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1365038

Forde, C., & OBrien, A. (2022). A Literature Review of Barriers and Opportunities Presented by Digitally Enhanced Practical Skill Teaching and Learning in Health Science Education. Medical Education Online, 27(1), 2068210. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2022.2068210

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Evaluation of reflective measurement models. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook, 75–90. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/51463/9783030805197.pdf?sequence=1#page=88

Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Hapizah, H., Fitrisyah, M. A., & Mulyono, B. (2025). Interactive e-Module on Exponential Material to Support Computational Thinking. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(6), 1226–1234. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.6.2326

Herlina, E., & Abidin, Z. (2024). Development of interactive e-modules to improve students’ scientific literacy abilities: A literature review. Jurnal Mangifera Edu, 8(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v8i2.181

Jafini, M. H., Nashir, I. M., Azman, M. N. A., Othman, F. W., Ayub, N., Yusof, Y., & Bakar, A. Z. A. (2024). Investigating Future Learning of Electronic Module Through Thematic Analysis in Secondary School: A Need Analysis. Journal of Technology and Humanities, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.53797/jthkks.v5i2.1.2024

Juhong, J., Mordmuang, A., Jewboonchu, J., & Udomwech, L. (2022). Effectiveness of an online educational video intervention to improve the knowledge and behavior of contact lens care during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pre-test/post-test design. Heliyon, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11009

Kamis, A., Kob, C. G. C., FAN, Y., & Paiman, W. (2019). The effect of implementing the green skills module on design technology subject: Assessing the pupils’ green skills practices. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Special Issue on ICEES2018, 18–25. http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Special%20issue%20on%20ICEES2018/ICEES2018_03.pdf

Kang, H. (2021). Sample size determination and power analysis using the G*Power software. Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions, 18. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.17

Kholifah, N., Nurtanto, M., Mutohhari, F., Hamid, M. A., Mutiara, I., Setiawan, D., & Saputro, I. N. (2025). Factors influencing student career choice in vocational education in Indonesia: A mediating effect of self-efficacy. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101369

Lijuan, W. (2024). Matched Group Design. In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Psychology (pp. 867–868). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7874-4_34

Lim, O.-J. (2022). A Study on Mediating Effect of Self-efficacy Between Academic Satisfaction and Job Performance of Cyber University Beauty Graduates. Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology, 28(6), 1330–1338. https://doi.org/10.52660/JKSC.2022.28.6.1330

Martin, J. J., & Guerrero, M. D. (2020). Social cognitive theory. In Routledge Handbook of Adapted Physical Education. Routledge.

Maulana, F. I., & Purnomo, A. (2021). Development of Virtual Reality Application to Increase Student Learning Motivation with Interactive Learning in Vocational Education. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1071(1), 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1071/1/012019

Megasari, D. S., Puspitorini, A., & Lutfiati, D. (2023). Predicting graduate employment: The relationship among social skills, performance and motivation in cosmetology education graduates. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan, 6(3), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v6i3.33523

Meyliana, Sablan, B., Surjandy, & Hidayanto, A. N. (2022). Flipped learning effect on classroom engagement and outcomes in university information systems class. Education and Information Technologies, 27(3), 3341–3359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10723-9

Mulya, R., Krismadinata, K., Jalinus, N., & Effendi, H. (2021). Practical Work of Digital System Course Based on Virtual Laboratory. International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE), 17(08), Article 08. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v17i08.23359

Naidoo, D., Schembri, A., & Cohen, M. (2023). Vacation or therapy? Demographics, motivations, and experiences of wellness retreat guests around the world. International Journal of Spa and Wellness, 6(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/24721735.2023.2225970

Rahmadan, R., Kristiawan, M., & Sasongko, R. N. (2022). Teaching Factory Management for Dressing, Catering, Beauty and SPA Program. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.2317

Rahmiati, R., Putri, M., Saputra, I., Astuti, M., & Miga Dewi, S. (2023). Practicality of E-Module Utilizing Meta-Creative Strategies. Indonesian Journal of Computer Science, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.33022/ijcs.v12i6.3518

Rojas, A. J. (2023). Enhancing Student Engagement and Outcomes by Utilizing Lightboard Videos to Facilitate a Flipped Classroom in General Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 100(11), 4378–4386. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00780

Romanova, O. (2022). Embedding employability skills into vocational education and training: What works best for students’ self-evaluation and aspirations? Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 13(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.549462021869378

Supraptono, E., Wagino, W., Abidin, A. F. B., Yusro, M., & Koto, R. D. (2025). Enhancing Student Understanding in Electrical Engineering: An Android-Based e-Learning Approach. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 15(6), 1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2025.15.6.2318

Täht, K., Mikkor, K., Aaviste, G., & Rozgonjuk, D. (2024). What motivates and demotivates Estonian mathematics teachers to continue teaching? The roles of self-efficacy, work satisfaction, and work experience. Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education, 27(6), 961–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10857-023-09587-2

Tushar, H., & Sooraksa, N. (2023). Global employability skills in the 21st century workplace: A semi-systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21023

Wagino, W., Maksum, H., Purwanto, W., Krismadinata, K., Suhendar, S., & Koto, R. D. (2023). Exploring the Full Potential of Collaborative Learning and E-Learning Environments in Universities: A Systematic Review. TEM Journal, 1772–1785. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM123-60

Wagino, W., Maksum, H., Purwanto, W., Simatupang, W., Lapisa, R., & Indrawan, E. (2024). Enhancing Learning Outcomes and Student Engagement: Integrating E-Learning Innovations into Problem-Based Higher Education. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), 18(10), 106–124. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i10.47649

Wagino, W., Nasution, I., Giatman, M., Koto, R. D., Samala, A. D., Criollo-C, S., & Polin, K. C. (2024). Enhancing Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking through e-Learning: Exploring Motivation, Creativity, Participation, and Gadget Utilization in Higher Education. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 14(12), 1679–1687. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2024.14.12.2198

Winkler, R., Söllner, M., & Leimeister, J. M. (2021). Enhancing problem-solving skills with smart personal assistant technology. Computers & Education, 165, 104148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104148

Yende, S. J. (2025). Harmonising careers: Opera, hospitality and tourism industries unite to elevate graduate students employability. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 2454362. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2454362

Yin, P., & Zhou, L. (2023). Place Identity, Social Capital, and Rural Homestay Entrepreneurship Performance: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy. Sustainability, 15(15), Article 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511812

Zhao, J., Hwang, G.-J., Chang, S.-C., Yang, Q., & Nokkaew, A. (2021). Effects of gamified interactive e-books on students’ flipped learning performance, motivation, and meta-cognition tendency in a mathematics course. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(6), 3255–3280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-10053-0

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v10i2.7615

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Published by:

Institute of Managing and Publishing of Scientific Journals STKIP Singkawang

Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Singkawang

Address : STKIP Singkawang, Jalan STKIP - Kelurahan Naram Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat, INDONESIA, 79251
No. Telp. : +62562 420 0344
No. Fax. : +62562 420 0584

JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching, and Learning)

e-ISSN : 2477-8478

p-ISSN : 2477-5924