Ideologi dan Perlawanan Moral dalam Novel La Condition Humaine Karya André Malraux

Abstract

Despite extensive studies on revolutionary literature, the role of ideology in shaping representatons of human existence within socio-political turmoil remains insufficiently explored, particularly in André Malraux’s La Condition Humaine. This study examines the representation of ideology in André Malraux’s novel La Condition Humaine through the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The study aims to reveal how ideology is constructed and articulated through linguistic choices, social relations among characters, and broader socio-historical contexts. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the data were obtained from narrative passages, dialogues, and descriptive segments of the novel that reflect ideological tension, class struggle, and existential conflict. The analysis was conducted at three levels: micro (linguistic features such as diction, syntax, and figurative language), meso (social relations, group dynamics, and discursive practices), and macro (situational, institutional, and social contexts related to the Shanghai Revolution of 1927). The findings show that Malraux employs fragmentary syntax, emotionally charged lexicon, and dark metaphors to represent existential anxiety and dehumanization at the micro level. At the meso level, ideological meanings are negotiated through solidarity, loyalty, and conflict among characters within revolutionary structures. At the macro level, the novel critiques institutional power, capitalism, and political bureaucracy that subordinate human dignity to efficiency and domination. This study contributes to literary discourse by demonstrating how CDA can uncover the interplay between language, ideology, and human resistance, offering a nuanced understanding of literary texts as sites of ideological contestation and moral reflection.