JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching and Learning)
Welcome to JETL (Journal of Education, Teaching, and Learning). JETL is a peer-reviewed scientific open access, with e-ISSN: 2477-8478 and p-ISSN: 2477-5924 published by Institute of Managing and Publishing Scientific Journals at STKIP Singkawang, Indonesia in 2015. JETL is Nationally Accredited by Kemristekdiki as the 2nd highest national cluster for reputable journals in Indonesia (SINTA 2). JETL is published twice a year on March and September. JETL is an international journal that publishes scientific papers in the field of science education and management policies related to education, teaching, and learning. The Journal provides opportunities for scholars to submit papers in the education, learning, and teaching fields in School or educational institutions. Each article or paper published in this Journal will definitely be useful to all visitors and readers. JETL Indexed by: <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2477-8478?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222477-5924%22%2C%222477-8478%22%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Feminization%20of%20Teaching%20in%20Bangladesh%5C%5C%3A%20Exploring%20the%20Influence%20of%20State%2C%20Market%2C%20and%20Family%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22OR%22%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22created_date%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%7D" target="_blank"> <a href="http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=HVD_ALEPH015049630&indx=1&recIds=HVD_ALEPH015049630&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&vl(51615747UI0)=any&vl(1UI0)=contains&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28HVD_FGDC%29%2Cscope%3A%28HVD%29%2Cscope%3A%28HVD_VIA%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&vid=HVD&mode=Basic&srt=rank&tab=everything&vl(394521272UI1)=all_items&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Journal%20of%20Education%2C%20Teaching%20and%20Learning&dstmp=1507811846305" target="_blank"> <a href="http://catalogue.leidenuniv.nl/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?tabs=viewOnlineTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=UBL_ALMA51290772680002711&indx=1&recIds=UBL_ALMA51290772680002711&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&renderMode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&frbg=&&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A%28UBL_DSPACE%29%2Cscope%3A%28%22UBL%22%29%2Cscope%3A%28UBL_DTL%29%2Cscope%3A%28UBL_ALMA%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&tb=t&mode=Basic&vid=UBL_V1&srt=rank&tab=all_content&dum=true&vl(freeText0)=Journal%20Of%20Education%2C%20Teaching%20and%20Learning&dstmp=1507810690199" target="_blank">
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Vocational Education Revolution: Systematic Analysis of Augmented Reality Implementation in Technology and Vocational Learning
This study systematically examines the implementation of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in the context of technology and vocational education during the period 2020-2025. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 280 articles obtained from the ScienceDirect database, this study analyzes trends, methodologies, effectiveness, challenges, and opportunities for AR development in vocational learning. Key findings show a significant increase in the adoption of AR to improve the practical competencies of vocational students, especially in the fields of mechanical engineering, electronics, construction, and health. The analysis also revealed that the implementation of AR can improve student engagement, understanding of complex technical concepts, and the development of psychomotor skills. Nonetheless, challenges such as development costs, technology infrastructure, and educator training needs are still obstacles that need to be overcome. This study provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for the implementation of AR in vocational education and recommendations for future research as well as practical implications for vocational education providers.
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Factors Influencing Work Readiness and Student Satisfaction in Technical Education: A Systematic Review of Industry Collaboration, Certification, and Academic Engagement
This study systematically examines the factors that affect students' job readiness and satisfaction in engineering education through a comprehensive analysis of industry support, certification programs, and academic engagement. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 era has created a significant skills gap between graduate competencies and industry needs, demanding innovative approaches in the preparation of work-ready graduates. Through the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which follows PRISMA's guidelines for articles obtained from the ScienceDirect database during the period 2017-2024, this study integrates evidence from multiple theoretical frameworks including experiential learning theory, social cognitive theory, and human capital theory. Of the 800 articles identified through ScienceDirect's database search, after going through a rigorous PRISMA selection process with quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), 185 high-quality articles were successfully selected and analyzed in depth. Key findings show a significant positive relationship between industry-university collaboration, the implementation of professional certification programs, and active academic involvement to improving job readiness and student satisfaction. The analysis revealed that the implementation of industrial internship programs (94% effectiveness, satisfaction score 4.6/5.0), industry-specific competency certification (satisfaction rating 4.4/5.0), and extracurricular activities such as capstone projects and engineering competitions can significantly increase employability. Nonetheless, systemic challenges such as curriculum gaps with industry needs (identified in 68.1% of studies), limited faculty experience in industry (53% of studies), and infrastructure limitations (47% of studies) remain structural barriers that require comprehensive solutions. This research provides an evidence-based framework for transforming technical education toward more industry-relevant, student-centered approaches and provides actionable recommendations for educational practitioners, policymakers, and industry partners.
The Relevance of Curriculum for Building Modeling and Information Design in Response to Business and Industry Needs in the Digital Era
In the era of digital transformation, the construction industry increasingly demands professionals who are proficient in digital tools such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), 3D modeling, and virtual simulations. This study aims to evaluate the relevance of the Building Modeling and Information Design curriculum at SMKN 1 Bengkalis to the current needs of the business and industrial world. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining document analysis of curriculum components with survey data from industry representatives to assess graduates’ competencies. The results reveal that while core competencies such as 2D drafting and basic 3D modeling are well-covered and highly relevant, there are significant gaps in the areas of digital project management, advanced BIM proficiency, and the use of innovative tools like VR/AR. Employer feedback indicates moderate satisfaction with graduate readiness, especially in innovation, digital literacy, and collaborative skills. Based on these findings, the study recommends curriculum improvements such as the integration of BIM-based learning modules, incorporation of VR/AR tools, increased collaboration with industry, and the offering of professional certifications. These enhancements are expected to better align vocational education with the evolving technological landscape of the construction sector. In conclusion, while the current curriculum provides a solid technical foundation, continuous updates and strategic partnerships with industry are essential to ensure its relevance in the digital era.
Evaluation of the implementation of the learning program Design Modeling and Building Information SMK Negeri 1 Bengkalis
The rapid development of the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction industry has led to the increasing adoption of Building Information Modeling as a critical skill for future professionals. However, vocational high schools in Indonesia, including SMK Negeri 1 Bengkalis, often face challenges in integrating BIM-based learning due to limited resources, conventional teaching approaches, and lack of industry alignment. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Design Modeling and Building Information learning program at SMK Negeri 1 Bengkalis by examining three key aspects: planning, implementation, and assessment. The research used a quantitative descriptive method with survey instruments distributed to teachers and students. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and document analysis. The results show that the planning aspect received an average score of 88.8%, categorized as Good, with strengths in lesson planning and curriculum structure. The implementation aspect scored 82%, also Good, though student engagement and use of technology need improvement. The assessment aspect averaged 85%, with competency achievement rated Very Good, yet feedback and follow-up practices remain underdeveloped. In conclusion, the learning program has been generally well implemented, but further enhancement is needed in integrating digital tools, strengthening industry relevance, and promoting student-centered learning. These improvements are crucial for aligning vocational education with evolving AEC industry demands
Evaluation of the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum Using the CIPP Model
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in vocational schools requires systematic evaluation to ensure its effectiveness and relevance to industry needs. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the Welding Engineering Department of SMK Negeri 1 Bengkalis using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. A quantitative descriptive method was employed, involving teachers, students, and stakeholders as respondents. The context evaluation showed that curriculum goals were highly relevant and aligned with welding industry demands (85%, Very Good). Input evaluation indicated adequate teacher competence and learning materials, but limited infrastructure support (68%, Fair). The process evaluation revealed effective application of project-based learning, with high student engagement and active participation. Product evaluation showed that students achieved strong learning outcomes and welding competencies, and expressed general satisfaction with the curriculum. Overall, the results suggest that the Merdeka Curriculum is suitable for vocational education and supports student-centered learning. However, improvements in infrastructure and supervision are needed to strengthen the implementation. This study highlights the importance of ongoing curriculum evaluation to ensure alignment with industry expectations and the successful development of student competencies
Development Of Interactive Learning Multimedia Based On Canva In Vocational Subject Of Culinary
Students with mild intellectual disabilities often face challenges in understanding abstract concepts and require specialized learning tools that support visual and interactive engagement. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a Canva-based Interactive Learning Multimedia (ILM) designed specifically for vocational culinary education at SLB Negeri 1 Padang. Employing the Research and Development (R&D) method, this study involved expert validation, user practicality testing, and effectiveness analysis using quantitative techniques. Content and media validation were conducted by six experts using the Aiken’s V formula, practicality was assessed by one teacher and five students through questionnaires, and effectiveness was tested using normality, homogeneity, T-test, and effect size calculations with SPSS 27. The findings revealed that the ILM was highly valid, with average Aiken’s V scores of 0.97 (material experts) and 0.92 (media experts). Practicality scores from both students (3.87) and teachers (3.85) classified the media as very practical. Statistical analysis showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The T-test results demonstrated a significant difference in learning outcomes (t = 4.382 > t-table = 2.306; p < 0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the media. Furthermore, the effect size (Cohen's d = 2.8) suggested a very large effect on student performance. In conclusion, the Canva-based Interactive Learning Multimedia is a valid, practical, and highly effective tool to enhance vocational learning outcomes for students with mild intellectual disabilities. This innovation is recommended for broader implementation and further development in inclusive education settings.
The Contribution of School Principal Leadership and School Culture to Teacher Performance
Teacher performance plays a crucial role in determining the quality of education. However, many schools continue to face challenges related to suboptimal teacher productivity, which may be influenced by leadership and cultural factors within the school environment. This study aims to examine the contribution of principal leadership and school culture to teacher performance. The research employed a quantitative approach using a correlational method. Data were collected from 80 teachers across several schools through structured questionnaires. The variables measured included principal leadership, school culture, and teacher performance. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that both principal leadership and school culture had a strong and positive correlation with teacher performance, with correlation coefficients of 0.684 and 0.701, respectively. Furthermore, the regression analysis indicated that principal leadership and school culture together contributed significantly to teacher performance, with an R² value of 0.581. Among the two, school culture demonstrated a slightly higher influence than leadership. In conclusion, the findings suggest that enhancing both leadership practices and school culture can significantly improve teacher performance. It is recommended that school management prioritize the development of effective leadership strategies and the cultivation of a positive, collaborative school environment to support teacher growth and performance outcomes
The Influence of Training Using Audio Visual and Image Media in Futsal Extracurricular Activities at SMAN 4 Tanjungpinang
This study investigates the effectiveness of training using audio visual and image media in improving shooting skills using the inside of the foot in extracurricular futsal games at SMAN 4 Tanjungpinang. Many students lack understanding of the correct techniques for kicking, especially in penalty situations. One contributing factor is the monotonous and less varied training methods used during extracurricular sessions. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest group design. The sample consisted of 30 students divided into two equal groups: one trained using audio visual media, and the other with image media. Each group received specific training focused on shooting with the inside of the foot. Pretest and posttest assessments were conducted to measure shooting performance. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant effect of training using audio visual media on shooting results, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating Ho is rejected; (2) training using image media also had a significant effect on shooting results, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), indicating Ho is rejected; and (3) there was no significant difference in effectiveness between the two media, with an Independent Sample Test significance value of 0.447 (> 0.05), indicating Ho is accepted. The study concludes that both audio visual and image media are effective in improving shooting skills using the inside of the foot, although neither method proved significantly superior.
The Impact of Gymnastics Learning on the Endurance Improvement of Seventh Grade Students at State Junior High School 6 in Bengkulu City
This research was conducted to address the low level of physical fitness, particularly VO₂Max, among junior high school female students, which impacts their overall health and physical performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of poco-poco and SKJ 2021 aerobic exercise programs, along with the influence of exercise motivation, on the improvement of VO₂Max in female students at SMP Negeri 6 Bengkulu. The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method with a 2x2 factorial design. A total of 24 female students were selected through total sampling and divided into four treatment groups. The exercise was conducted over 12 sessions, and VO₂Max was measured using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT). The results revealed that the group performing SKJ 2021 with high motivation (A2B1) achieved the highest average posttest VO₂Max score of 41.2 ml/kg/min, while the poco-poco group with low motivation (A1B2) had the lowest average score of 35.6 ml/kg/min. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed a significant effect of both exercise type and motivation level on VO₂Max (p < 0.05). The interaction between exercise and motivation was also statistically significant. These findings conclude that the combination of structured aerobic exercise and high motivation significantly enhances cardiovascular endurance in female junior high school students.
The Influence of Project-Based Learning Models on the Activities and Learning Outcomes of Vocational Students in Informatics Subjects
This study investigates the effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes in Informatics at a vocational high school. The research was motivated by the low initial understanding and passive learning behavior among students, which often leads to suboptimal academic achievement. The objective was to determine whether the PjBL approach could significantly improve both student activity and performance. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed, involving 51 Grade X students from SMKN 1 Painan, divided into an experimental group (PjBL) and a control group (conventional teaching). Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed a significant increase in the experimental group’s posttest scores (mean = 78.04; N-Gain = 0.56) compared to the control group (mean = 64.56; N-Gain = 0.28). Student activity also improved across three meetings. Statistical tests confirmed the differences were significant (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that PjBL is more effective than traditional methods in promoting academic success and active learning in vocational education
Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Google Workspace For Education Training On The Improvement Of Teachers' Digital Competence
In the era of educational digital transformation, enhancing teachers' digital competence has become a critical challenge. This study investigates the effectiveness of Google Workspace for Education training in improving the digital competence of teachers at SMA Negeri 11 Padang, a school preparing to become a Google Reference School. A quantitative descriptive method was employed, involving 40 teachers as respondents through a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and linearity tests, and Pearson correlation. The results reveal a strong positive correlation (r = 0.891, p < 0.001) between the training and teachers’ digital competence, indicating that the training significantly improves their ability to utilize digital tools for teaching, collaboration, and classroom management. Furthermore, the training content, methods, and teacher engagement were found to play critical roles in shaping effective outcomes. These findings support the notion that structured and pedagogically aligned training is essential for equipping educators with relevant digital skills. It is concluded that Google Workspace training serves as an effective strategic intervention for advancing digital teaching competence in secondary education
Strategies to Achieve Student Competence in the Culinary Skills Program in Facing Laboratory Facility Limitations
The success of vocational education in culinary expertise relies heavily on the availability of adequate practical facilities, particularly laboratory infrastructure. However, SMKN 3 Kota Solok faces significant limitations in this area, which hinder students’ ability to achieve optimal competency. This study aims to formulate strategies for enhancing student competency in the culinary program despite laboratory constraints. Using a qualitative descriptive method and SWOT analysis, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that while internal strengths include committed educators and supportive curricula, weaknesses such as limited space and tools reduce practical learning effectiveness. External opportunities, such as industry collaboration and digital learning platforms, offer pathways for improvement, whereas threats include low graduate absorption in the culinary sector. Strategies developed include optimizing practice rotation, strengthening project-based learning, and increasing industry partnerships. The research concludes that strategic adaptation can significantly improve student competency outcomes even amid facility limitations
The Influence of Video Media on Motivation and Learning Outcomes of Third Grade Students in Elementary School
This study aims to examine the effect of video media on students' motivation and learning outcomes in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) for Grade III at SD Negeri 34 Simpang Haru. Motivated by the low motivation and achievement levels among students and the limited use of interactive media, this quasi-experimental study used a Posttest-Only Control Group Design involving 52 students divided into an experimental group (video media) and a control group (PowerPoint media). Data were collected using motivation questionnaires and objective tests and analyzed using t-tests and Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that video media significantly improved motivation (p = 0.000) and learning outcomes (p = 0.002) in the experimental group. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the two groups in both motivation (p = 0.000) and learning outcomes (p = 0.020). The Two-Way ANOVA also revealed significant interaction effects between media type and class group on motivation (F = 618.221; η² = 0.925) and learning outcomes (F = 5.809; η² = 0.104). These findings suggest that video media is an effective tool for enhancing learning, especially when aligned with classroom conditions
Development of an E-Module for Physical Education, Sports, and Health Learning in Martial Arts (Karate) for High School Students in Fase E.
Physical Education (PJOK) develops students' physical and character skills through sports like Karate. However, students struggle to learn basic techniques (Kihon, Kata, Kumite) with conventional methods. A multimedia E-Module was developed to enhance understanding, especially for tech-savvy Generation Z students. This R&D study used the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Padang, data was collected via questionnaires, tests, and observations. The E-Module includes videos, images, and audio for interactive learning. The results show that the PJOK Karate Learning E-Module was successfully developed and tested. The E-Module integrates multimedia elements such as images, videos, and audio to facilitate better comprehension of basic Karate techniques. Validity tests yielded high scores in language (91.67%), content (95%), and media (98.33%), while reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.638. Practicality assessments from both students and teachers were highly positive, ranging from 84.96% to 100%. Additionally, the E-Module proved highly effective, with student effectiveness scores between 82.32%–85.26% and teacher evaluations ranging from 92%–99%. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Karate Learning E-Module is a valid, practical, and effective tool for enhancing students' understanding and performance in Karate. Its multimedia-based approach aligns with the learning preferences of Generation Z, making it a valuable resource for modern PJOK education
Introduction To The Hikayat Prang Sabi And Its Relationship To Literature Learning
Hikayat Prang Sabi is one of the traditional literary works from Aceh that is rich in religious, historical, and patriotic values. This work tells the story of the Acehnese people's struggle against Dutch colonialism, with an emotional narrative that portrays sacrifice and bravery. As a piece of literature, the hikayat holds great potential to be utilized in literary education at schools, particularly in shaping students’ character, introducing local cultural heritage, and enhancing appreciation for the nation's literary legacy. The study of this hikayat aims to explore the core values it contains and relate them to the objectives of modern literature learning. Thus, using texts like Hikayat Prang Sabi can serve as an effective educational medium to instill values of nationalism, religiosity, and love for the homeland in students.
Comparison of Circuit Training and Fartlek Methods on Cardiovascular Fitness in Relation to Motivation at SMAN 4 Tanjungpinang
This study was prompted by initial observations revealing suboptimal maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) levels in futsal athletes at SMA Negeri 4 Tanjungpinang. This diminished aerobic capacity is hypothesized to be influenced by multifactorial elements, notably the training methodologies employed and the athletes' levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Consequently, this research utilized a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest control group design with a sample of 36 purposively selected students to empirically investigate the impact of these variables on VO2max enhancement. VO2max was assessed via the Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-yo IR1), while motivation data were gathered through a validated and reliable questionnaire. Two-way ANOVA with a 2x2 factorial design was employed for data analysis. Findings indicated a significant difference in VO2max between circuit training and fartlek training groups (Sig. = 0.028 < 0.05), and a significant interaction between training methods and motivation on VO2max (Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05). Furthermore, differences in VO2max were observed between circuit and fartlek training at both high (Qcount = 22.23 > Qtable 3.85) and low (Qcount = -8.83 < Qtable 3.85) motivation levels
Evaluation of the sports learning program phase C in the West Air Hangat sub-district based on CIPP
This study aims to evaluate the Physical Education, Sports, and Health Phase C learning program in Air Hangat Barat District using the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. This evaluation was conducted to assess the program's suitability to the needs of students, the availability of infrastructure, the implementation of the learning process, and the learning outcomes achieved. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The research subjects included PJOK teachers and principals in 4 elementary schools in the Air Hangat Barat District. The results of the Context evaluation showed that the PJOK Phase C program was by the curriculum but needed adjustments to student characteristics. In the Input aspect, it was found that sports facilities were still limited and needed to improve teacher qualifications. The Process evaluation revealed that the learning methods were varied, but needed to be strengthened in the use of media and authentic assessment. Meanwhile, the Product evaluation showed that most students achieved basic competencies, but needed improvement in aspects of psychomotor skills and sportsmanship. This study concludes that the Phase C Physical Education (PJOK) learning program in Air Hangat Barat District has been running quite well, but requires improvements in facilities, teacher development, and the approach to evaluating learning outcomes. Recommendations include increasing the budget for infrastructure, teacher training, and implementing more innovative learning models
The Influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on Student Activity and Learning Outcomes in Business Economics Elements
The low level of student engagement and achievement in vocational economics learning necessitates the application of innovative instructional models. This study aims to examine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on student learning activity and outcomes in the Economic Business subject. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group was employed. The participants were 61 tenth-grade students from SMK Negeri 1 Painan, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: learning outcome tests and observation sheets. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent samples t-tests, were used for data analysis. Results show that the experimental group, which received PBL treatment, had significantly higher posttest scores (M = 89.90) and N-Gain (0.72) compared to the control group (M = 76.68; N-Gain = 0.35). Student activity in the experimental group also increased steadily across sessions. Statistical tests confirmed that the differences in both outcomes and activity were significant (p < 0.05). These findings support the effectiveness of PBL in promoting active learning and improving student achievement in vocational education
The Influence of Digital Literacy, Independence, and Learning Motivation on Student Learning Effectiveness Through Self-Efficacy
In the era of digital transformation, vocational students are required to master not only technical skills but also digital competence, learning autonomy, and strong motivation. However, various challenges such as low digital literacy, limited learning independence, and fluctuating motivation levels hinder the effectiveness of learning processes in vocational schools. This study aims to examine the influence of digital literacy, learning independence, and learning motivation on learning effectiveness, with self-efficacy acting as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach using an explanatory survey method was applied to a sample of 197 vocational high school students selected through proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a validated Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that all three independent variables significantly affect learning effectiveness, both directly and indirectly through self-efficacy. Among them, self-efficacy demonstrated the strongest effect. The findings underscore the importance of enhancing students' self-efficacy to maximize the impact of digital literacy, autonomy, and motivation on learning outcomes. These results contribute to educational theory and practice by highlighting the mediating role of self-efficacy in vocational learning settings
Investigating the Effects of Nutrition, Concentration, and Motor Development on Physical Education Outcomes in Elementary School Students
This study examines the low learning outcomes of students at SD Negeri 004 Tanjungpinang Barat, which are allegedly influenced by nutritional status, concentration, and self-control skills. This quantitative study uses a correlational design with an ex-post-facto method. The research sample was 100 students selected through purposive sampling technique. Nutritional status data were obtained from height and weight measurements, concentration was measured by the grid concentration test, self-control skills by the TGMD-2 subtest, and learning outcomes were obtained from school data. The data were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that there was a direct relationship between nutritional status, concentration, and self-control skills on student learning outcomes. The contribution of nutritional status to learning outcomes was 16.66%, concentration was 21.48%, and self-control skills were 19.75%. In addition, there is an indirect relationship between nutritional status and concentration on learning outcomes through self-control skills. Overall, nutritional status, concentration, and self-control skills contribute significantly to student learning outcomes by 35.04%.
The Influence of Manpower Training Development on the Operational Performance of Vehicle Units in Fleet User Businesses
This study aims to analyze (1) the training development patterns implemented in manpower training for fleet users and (2) the influence of manpower training development on the operational performance of fleet user vehicle units. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, focusing on the impact of manpower training development on the operational performance of vehicles within the fleet user business. Data collection techniques include document analysis, interviews, and observations. Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability are applied to ensure the validity of the data. The data analysis technique uses the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which consists of three stages, namely: (1) data condensation, (2) data presentation, and (3) conclusion drawing/verification. The findings reveal that (1) the training pattern adopted in both training programs within the fleet user business follows a tiered structure, and (2) manpower training development significantly influences the fleet user business in maintaining an operational target of 90%. This is attributed to the improvement in mechanical expertise, which enables mechanics to gain a better understanding of work procedures in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOPs) and to identify necessary maintenance and repair measures. The enhancement of mechanical skills positively impacts vehicle unit performance, as evidenced by the Physical Availability (PA) of vehicles reaching 99% in November 2024, exceeding the set target of 90%. Additionally, the study highlights a substantial increase in fleet user business revenue, with a growth of 33% in 2023 and a further increase of 50% in 2024.
Shooting Skills As Part Of The Psychomotor Learning Of Students
Petanque is a precision sport that has gained popularity, especially among adolescent to adult athletes. One of the most challenging skills to master in petanque is the shooting technique, which requires optimal hand-eye coordination, concentration, and anthropometric factors such as arm length. This study aims to examine the influence of arm length, hand-eye coordination, and concentration on the shooting ability of petanque athletes in West Sumatra. This quantitative study employed a path analysis approach. The research was conducted in February 2025 at the Sports Field of the Faculty of Sports Science, Padang State University. The population consisted of all 40 petanque athletes from West Sumatra, selected using a total sampling technique. Data collection instruments included an arm length test, a tennis ball throw-and-catch test (hand-eye coordination), the Grid Concentration Test, and a petanque shooting test. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling at a significance level of α = 0.05. The findings revealed that: (1) arm length had a direct and significant effect of 6.30% on shooting ability; (2) hand-eye coordination had a direct and significant effect of 20.9%; (3) concentration had a direct and significant effect of 8.53%; (4) arm length had an indirect effect of 12.18% through concentration; (5) hand-eye coordination had an indirect effect of 31.14% through concentration; and (6) collectively, arm length, hand-eye coordination, and concentration had a significant combined effect of 44.89% on the shooting ability of West Sumatran petanque athletes
Innovative E-Module Development Through Flipped Book and Employability Skill Learning Integration: Advancing Competency Spa Therapy in Vocational High School
This research presents the development and implementation of an innovative e-module that integrates flipped book technology with employability skills learning for body spa material in a Vocational High School. Using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4, this study examines the relationships between Integrated E-Modules, Learning Motivation, Self-Efficacy, Body SPA Skills, and Employability Skills. Data were collected from 64 vocational high school students specialising in the Body Spa subject (32 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group) using validated instruments. Results show that Integrated E-Modules significantly enhance students’ learning motivation and Self-Efficacy, with the experimental group demonstrating a 21.6% increase in skills compared to the control group (7.7%). Self-efficacy proved to be a key mediator in the relationship between Integrated E-Modules and Body Spa Skills, while Learning Motivation did not show a significant mediating role. This research contributes to educational technology literature by identifying the psychological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of learning technology in supporting quality education in practical vocational fields.
Gender and Power Relation in Margaret Atwood's Novel The Handmaid's Tale
This study examines the intersection of gender ideology and power relations in The Handmaid’s Tale, a novel by Margaret Atwood that portrays a dystopian society governed by patriarchal control. Employing Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) as the methodological framework, this research investigates how gender ideology is embedded and reproduced through the novel’s language and social structures. Specifically, the study addresses three research questions: (1) What elements of gender ideology are depicted in the novel? (2) How are gender ideology and power interrelated? (3) Why are these themes central to the narrative? Utilizing a qualitative approach, the analysis focuses on narrative and discursive elements to uncover representations of gender inequality and the systematic repression of women’s autonomy. The findings indicate that the novel reflects real-world patriarchal ideologies by illustrating how language and institutional norms uphold gendered power imbalances. This research contributes to feminist literary scholarship by demonstrating how literature can expose, critique, and resist oppressive social structures through discourse.
Impact Of Play-Based Instruction And Jigsaw On Learning Motivation And Physical Fitness In Smk Tanjungpinang
This study investigates the influence of learning methods and student motivation on participation in Physical, Sport, and Health Education (PJOK) at SMK N 1 Tanjungpinang. The impetus for this research stems from observations indicating a low level of physical fitness among the student body, potentially attributable to a variety of factors, including pedagogical approaches and motivational levels. This quasi-experimental study involved 36 participants, selected based on pre- defined criteria. Physical fitness was assessed using the TKJI instrument, while motivation data were collected via a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 2x2 factorial design. The results of the study and data analysis showed that: 1) There is a difference in physical fitness of students who are given the playing and jigsaw methods with a Sig value of 0.016 <0.05. 2) There is an interaction between learning methods and motivation on physical fitness, the Sig value between learning strategies and coordination skills is 0.000 < 0.05. 3) There is a difference in the level of physical fitness between students who are given the playing method and the jigsaw method at high learning motivation with a Qcount value of 14.54 > Qtable 3.85. 4) There is a difference in the level of physical fitness between students who are given the playing method and the jigsaw method at low learning motivation with a Qcount value of -2.65 < Qtable 3.85
Digital Literacy Integration Model and Creative Thinking for Enhancing Vocational Student Competencies in the Society 5.0 Era
The vocational education sector faces significant challenges in preparing graduates who meet industry demands in the digital era. Data from SMKN 1 Padang shows that the achievement of vocational competencies is still not optimal with aspects of knowledge 65%, skills 70%, occupational safety and health 70%, and work tests 70%. This study aims to analyze the influence of Digital Literacy, Learning Styles, and Critical Thinking on Student Competencies of SMKN 1 Padang. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design. The sample consisted of 81 active students of SMKN 1 Padang selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-5 and analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The research model showed excellent psychometric quality with all constructs having adequate validity and reliability (Cronbach's Alpha > 0.925, AVE > 0.597). Structural model evaluation revealed that Digital Literacy (β = 0.275, p = 0.008), Learning Styles (β = 0.266, p = 0.050), and Critical Thinking (β = 0.411, p = 0.004) had a positive and significant effect on Student Competencies. The model explained 82.3% of the variance in Student Competencies (R² = 0.823). The results of the study confirmed the importance of integrating Digital Literacy, appropriate Learning Styles, and the development of Critical Thinking in improving Student Competencies in Vocational High Schools. These findings provide important implications for the development of holistic learning strategies in vocational education.
Analysis of Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of Junior High School Students Based on Polya's Stages in View of Math Anxiety Levels
This study aims to describe mathematics anxiety, the factors that cause it, and the mathematical problem solving ability of junior high school students based on Polya's stages and the level of mathematics anxiety. Using a case study approach with qualitative methods, the research involved 66 eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 24 Padang, with 14 selected as subjects representing low, moderate, and high levels of anxiety. The instruments used include math anxiety questionnaire, math problem solving test, and interviews. The results showed that: (1) 68.2% of students experience moderate anxiety, 18.2% low, and 13.6% high; (2) Students' math anxiety is due to difficulty understanding formulas, exam pressure, and low self-confidence and doubts about abilities which affect motivation and performance; (3) Students' abilities at Polya’s stages vary, with 61% able to understand the problem, 44% able to devise a plan, 8% able to carry out the plan, and 6% able to look back; (4) Students with low math anxiety able to follow all stages of Polya. Cognitively they are able to strategize logically, somatically there is no physical disturbance, and attitudinally they show high self-confidence; (5) Students with moderate anxiety show variations in ability. They understand the problem, but procedural errors often occur. Somatic symptoms such as tension disrupt focus, and attitudinally appear hesitant and lack confidence; (6) Students with high anxiety are only able to understand the problem. Their cognition is limited, somatic symptoms such as trembling, and attitudinally they tend to be afraid of failure and reluctant to try.
A Systematic Literature Review on Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Motivation, and Field Experience as Predictors of Entrepreneurial Interest Among Students
This systematic literature review addresses the gap in understanding how self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, and field experience influence students' entrepreneurship interest through entrepreneurial attitudes. Despite growing attention to student entrepreneurship, limited comprehensive analysis exists on these key predictors and their integration in educational contexts. Following PRISMA protocol, we systematically searched Scopus database for articles published between 2015-2025. Using predetermined keywords combining self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, field experience, and entrepreneurial intention among students, we identified 482 articles. After rigorous screening applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 74 articles were selected for comprehensive analysis (15.4% inclusion rate). Data extraction covered bibliographic information, study characteristics, theoretical frameworks, variables, and key findings. Analysis revealed significant temporal growth from 2 articles (2015) to 16 articles (2024), with average 27.92 citations per article and 18.9% high-impact publications (>50 citations). Variable distribution showed entrepreneurial intention dominance (89.2%), followed by entrepreneurial attitude (28.4%) and self-efficacy (23.0%), while entrepreneurial motivation and field experience were critically underexplored (1.4% each). Geographic analysis indicated global context dominance (82.4%) with limited Indonesian research (2.7%). Theoretical framework analysis revealed 91.9% articles lacked explicit theoretical foundation, with Theory of Planned Behavior used in only 5.4% studies. Self-efficacy emerges as the primary psychological predictor supporting Social Cognitive Theory, while entrepreneurial attitude functions as crucial mediator in Theory of Planned Behavior. Critical gaps include absence of integrative models combining all three variables, lack of longitudinal studies (0%), and limited contextual research in Indonesia. These findings provide essential guidance for developing comprehensive entrepreneurship curricula emphasizing self-efficacy development, practical experience integration, and motivation enhancement systems for fostering student entrepreneurship interest.
Advanced Learning Techniques In Badminton At The Cahaya Muda Badminton Association
The research problem is the low smashing ability of badminton athletes at PB Cahaya Muda. Low smash accuracy is influenced by several factors, such as leg muscle explosiveness, hand-eye coordination, and arm muscle explosiveness. This study aims to reveal the direct and indirect effects, as well as the simultaneous effects between variables.This study is a quantitative associative study using a path analysis approach. The population in this study was all 55 badminton athletes at PB Cahaya Muda. The sample was taken using purposive sampling of 20 individuals. The data instruments were leg muscle explosiveness, vertical jump, hand-eye coordination using a hand-eye coordination test, arm muscle explosiveness using a one-hand medicine ball, and badminton smash accuracy. The data were analyzed using path analysis through structural model testing at α = 0.05.The results of the hypothesis testing show: (1) there is a direct influence of leg muscle explosive power on the accuracy of badminton smashes (py1 = 0.435 or 18.92%), (2) there is a direct influence of hand eye coordination on the accuracy of badminton smashes (py2 = 0.057 or 0.27%), (3) there is a direct influence of arm muscle explosive power on the accuracy of badminton smashes (py3 = 0.564 or 31.08%), (4) there is an indirect influence of arm muscle explosive power on the accuracy of badminton smashes (p31.py3 = 0.886 or 78.49%), (5) there is an indirect influence of hand eye coordination on the accuracy of badminton smashes (p32.py3 = 0.0345 total influence 3.49%), and (6) there is an influence of leg muscle explosive power, hand eye coordination and arm muscle explosive power simultaneously on the accuracy of badminton smashes (Rsquare = 0.886 or 88.6%)
Analysis Of Students' Problem-Solving Abilities Open-Ended Type Problems In Class XI IPA SMAN 1 Kota Solok
The purpose of this study is to reveal whether students' problem-solving abilities have changed in solving problems, especially Open-ended problems . The application of Open-ended type questions is used as an effort to train students' problem-solving abilities in mathematics learning. This study is a combination of descriptive research and Pre-experiment with a one group pre-test-post-test design . The conclusions of this study are 1) The problem-solving abilities of class XI IPA 5 students of SMAN 1 Kota Solok who have been trained using Open-ended type problem-solving ability questions in learning, have changed towards the better compared to before. 2) The application of learning using Open-ended questions helps students to play an active role during learning activities because it can help students be more open in developing various answers in solving problems
Development of Interactive E-Module Based on Heyzine Flipbook to Enhance Student Creativity in Basic Culinary Subjects
This study addresses the low level of creativity among students in designing menus in the Culinary Basics subject at SMK Negeri 3 Kota Solok. Observations revealed that students’ menu designs were monotonous, lacked innovation, and did not meet the Criteria for Achievement of Learning Objectives, due to limited teaching materials, conventional methods, and the absence of interactive media. The research aimed to develop an interactive e-module based on Heyzine Flipbook to improve students’ creativity in menu design. This Research and Development (R&D) study adopted the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) with Grade 10 Culinary Skills students as subjects. Product validity was assessed by material and media experts, practicality by teachers and students via questionnaires, and effectiveness by evaluating students’ creative products on novelty, problem-solving, and elaboration. Results showed the e-module to be valid (material expert score 0.92, media expert score 0.888), highly practical (teacher score 0.97, student score 0.89), and effective. The experimental class achieved a creativity score of 94.44 (highly effective) compared to the control class’s 63.80 (less effective). These findings confirm the e-module’s suitability as an engaging, effective learning medium supporting the implementation of the independent curriculum in vocational education
The Development of Administration and Government Regulations During the Time of Umar bin Khattab
When Umar ibn al-Khattab succeeded Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, the Muslim armies continued their advance, conquering Persia, Syria, and Egypt, which were part of the Roman Empire. The spoils of war increased, and Umar faced new problems in dispatching supplies, organizing troops, and governing the conquered lands. As Muslims conquered more and more new territories, problems would arise from various dimensions of life. We reanalyze Umar ibn al-Khattab's actions in dealing with administrative governance issues, such as the placement of employees and governors and the allocation of finances. We approach this by heuristically collecting sources, verifying, analyzing, and explaining them descriptively. Ijtihad was one of the most prominent aspects of Umar's life during his phenomenal, eventful caliphate. He guarded and preserved the faith of the Muslims, raised the banner of jihad, conquered new lands, and spread Justice to all Muslim and non-Muslim communities. He established the first Ministry of Finance in Islam, formed a regular army to defend and protect the borders, arranged salaries and supplies, documentation, state archives, appointed governors, workers, and judges, and approved the currency for daily circulation. He was a multidimensional administrator and legal interpreter
Development of a QR Code-Based Physical Education Module with Basic Techniques Floor Gymnastics at State Senior High School 4 Lebong
This research is motivated by the low interest and learning outcomes of students in participating in PJOK learning, especially the material on basic floor gymnastics techniques. The purpose of this research is for students to be happy and excited in participating in the PJOK learning process through the use of QR Code-based floor gymnastics modules to improve the learning outcomes of basic floor gymnastics techniques in students of SMA Negeri 4 Lebong. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Dick and Carey model approach. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed based on validation from language, material, and media experts. The results of the study show that: (1) the quality of the module from the validity aspect is classified as valid, with a score from language experts of 0.86; material experts 0.81; and media experts 0.817. (2) From the practicality aspect, the module is classified as very practical, with a teacher response of 4, one to one 3.9, and small group 4.0. The conclusion of this study shows that the QR Code-based PJOK module is suitable for use as a media for learning floor gymnastics. The implication of this research is that the use of QR Code technology can be an innovative alternative in PJOK learning, and is recommended for further development in other materials in the PJOK curriculum.