IMPROVING STUDENTS’ TOLERANCE THROUGH THE VCT LEARNING MODEL: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Wasis Suprapto, Abdul Ghofur, Delfia Ikhlasiah Rahman, Ulfah Churiwiyah, Dodik Kariadi

Abstract


Indonesia is a multicultural country. In a multicultural society, tolerance is a crucial aspect of fostering harmony and peace, so students must have a strong understanding of its values. However, the data indicate that intolerant behavior among the public remains significantly high. Inter-ethnic, racial, and tribal conflicts continue to be prevalent, according to the data. Therefore, the best way to overcome this obstacle is by organizing learning that can stimulate students to understand the values of tolerance. This is because students are the next generation, the spearhead in fostering tolerance in a multicultural nation. Consequently, this research aims to apply the VCT (Value Clarification Technique) model to assess its impact on students' knowledge achievement related to tolerance values. This study involved 37 students from one elementary school in Singkawang City, Kalimantan, comprising 20 students in class A (experimental group) and 17 in class B (control group), using a quasi-experimental research design. Data analysis was performed using the independent samples t-test. The research results indicate that the Sig. (2-tailed) value exceeds 0.05, so it can be understood that the VCT model influences students' acquisition of knowledge about tolerance values.

Keywords


multicultural country; tolerance knowledge; VCT model; quasi-experimental study

Full Text:

PDF

References


Afifuddin, A., Amri, M., Latif, A., Rosmini, R., & Tahir, S. Z. bin. (2025). Negotiating multicultural values within centralized education systems : a case study of Indonesia. July, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1620685

Anis, A., Miftah, M., Manshur, A., & Nadiyya, A. (2024). Interconnection of Religion and Culture in the Multicultural Education in Indonesia. The Journal of Multikultural Education in Indonesia, 7, 13–24.

Anwar, C., Saregar, A., Fitri, M. R., Anugrah, A., & Yama, A. (2023). Folklore with Value Clarification Technique : Its Impact on Character Education of 8-9-Year-Old Students. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 4(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v4i1.414

Azeharie, S., Bajari, A., & Sari, W. P. (2023). Mapping of Latent Conflict in Sambas to Identify Potential Tolerance Level. International Journal of Application on Social Science and Humanities, 1(1), 907–914.

Barth, M. (2021). Resolving Conflicts Between People and Over Time in the Transformation Toward Sustainability : A Framework of Interdependent Conflicts. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(April). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.623757

Bhernama, B. G. (2021). Analisis Air Boiler Dengan Parameter pH, Alkalinitas, TDS, Hardness dan Silika di PT. Beurata Subur Persada. AMINA, 3(2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.22373/amina.v3i2.2002

Bilven, B., Nyúl, B., & Kende, A. (2022). Exclusive victimhood, higher ethnic and lower national identities predict less support for reconciliation among native and Chinese Indonesians through mutual prejudice. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 91, 262–273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.10.011

Chen, J. (2022). Representing Chinese Indonesians : Pribumi Discourse and Regional Elections in Post- ­ Reform Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 41(1), 59–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034211036716

Çınar, K. (2019). Dismemberment of Yugoslavia: Lessons for the Ethnic Conflict Literature. Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergis, 8(12), 15–27.

Cole, S., Tallman, P., Salmon-Mulanovich, G., & Rusyidi, B. (2024). Water insecurity is associated with gender-based violence: A mixed-methods study in Indonesia. Social Science & Medicine, 344, 116507. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116507

Duru, E., & Balkis, M. (2018). Exposure to school violence at school and mental health of victimized adolescents: The mediation role of social support. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 342–352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.016

Eko, B. S., & Putranto, H. (2021). Face negotiation strategy based on local wisdom and intercultural competence to promote inter-ethnic conflict resolution: Case study of Balinuraga, Lampung. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 50(5), 506–540.

Friend, W., & Malhotra, D. (2019). Psychological Barriers to Resolving Intergroup Conflict: An Extensive Review and Consolidation of the Literature. Negotiation Journal, 35(4), 407–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12299

Garrigan, B., Adlam, A. L. R., & Langdon, P. E. (2018). Moral decision-making and moral development : Toward an integrative framework. Developmental Review, 49(March), 80–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.06.001

Hatmono, P. D., & Sutimin, L. A. (2025). Effectiveness of Value Clarification Technique ( VCT ) Based Teaching Materials on High School Students ’ Understanding of Multiculturalism : Mixed Method Approach. Educational Process: International Journal, 15(e2025157).

Helmon, S., & Rahardi, R. K. (2020). Integration of Solidarity Values in the Torok Oral Tradition of the Manggarai Society Through Multicultural Education An Ecolingustic Studies. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 509(Icollite), 695–701.

Hidayati, B. N., & Minsih. (2023). The Value Clarification Technique Learning Model Improves the Character of Elementary School Students. 7(2), 319–327.

Jatiningsih, O., Roro, R., & Setyowati, N. (2024). Towards a School Without Violence : An Analysis of Teacher ’ s Understanding of the Anti -Violence Education Policy Permendikbudristek no 46 of 2023 (Vol. 2024, Issue 46). Atlantis Press SARL. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-317-7

Kemendikbudristek. (2023). Permendikbudristek Nomor 46 Tahun 2023 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan di Lingkungan Satuan Penidikan. Database Peraturan. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/285721/permendikbudriset-no-46-tahun-2023

Khan, S., Fuadah, S., Ikram, N., Aljouny, E., Zubair, M. T. M., & Nisar, S. (2025). Exploring mental health challenges and violence risks in high school population. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 22367. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05367-5

Laelah, N. A., Insiyah, S., Halili, & Hasani, I. (2023). Survey Report Tolerance of High School Student. Jakarta: Pustaka Masyarakat Setara.

Lisievici, P., & Andronie, M. (2016). Teachers Assessing the Effectiveness of Values Clarification Techniques in Moral Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 217, 400–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.111

Martitah, M., Sulistianingsih, D., Mohd Yusoff, R., & Ismail, N. (2024). Insufficient criminal justice system response to the severity of domestic violence during the pandemic in Indonesia. Heliyon, 10(14), e33719. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33719

Munawaroh, I., & Kudus, W. A. (2023). Intoleransi Agama Bagi Kehidupan Masyarakat Minoritas di Kota Cilegon-Banten. Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Undiksha, 5(3), 240–246.

Murad, A. V. (2014). The Process of Values Clarification , Formation and Inculcation. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 12(2).

Ngangi, W. J., Nursikin, M., Zaman, B., & Muhammad, K. (2024). Moral and Personality Development in the Perspective of the SDGs : A Critical Analysis of Kohlberg ’ s Theory and Its Implementation in Junior High Schools. 25(2).

Pramana, A., Sumarno, A., Khotimah, K., Mariono, A., Surabaya, U. N., & Author, C. (2023). The Impact of Learning Strategies ( Values Clarification Technique and Social Science Inquiry ) and Students ’ Cognitive Style on Tolerance. Indonesian Journal of Instructional Media and Model, 5(2), 69–84.

Raths, L., Harmin, M., & Simon, S. (1978). Values and teaching: Working with values in the classroom (2nd ed.). Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company.

Sakti, S. A., Endraswara, S., & Rohman, A. (2024). Revitalizing local wisdom within character education through ethnopedagogy apporach: A case study on a preschool in Yogyakarta. Heliyon, 10(10), e31370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31370

Sanjaya, M. R. (2022). New Evidence on Ethnic Diversity and Social Capital in Indonesia. JurnalEkonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v23i1.13863

Sitanggang, A. O. (2025). A systematic literature review : Character education to build tolerance. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 8(10), e2025201. https://doi.org/https://10.31893/multirev.2025201

Strøm, I. F., Thoresen, S., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Dyb, G. (2013). Violence, bullying and academic achievement: A study of 15-year-old adolescents and their school environment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(4), 243–251. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.10.010

Suryani, N. (2010). VCT (Value Clarification Technique) Learning Model Application to Improve Historical Value Understanding. HISTORIA: International Journal of History Education, 11(2), 198–217.

Suryaningrat, R. D., Mangunsong, F. M., & Riantoputra, C. D. (2020). Teachers’ aggressive behaviors: what is considered acceptable and why? Heliyon, 6(10), e05082. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05082

Susanto, D., & Puryanto, S. (2022). The Necessity of Implementation by Local Values: Historical Study of ethnics conflict in Sampit Central Kalimantan Indonesia. Perspektif, 11(3), 878–883.

Thijs, J., Krijnen, M., Vemde, L. Van, Hornstra, L., Mainhard, T., & Wansink, B. (2025). The diversity teaching beliefs scale : Addressing cultural diversity , communalities between cultures , and the national culture in the classroom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 153(November 2024), 104846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104846

Ulpa, M., & Mislan. (2025). Penggunaan Model Value Clarification Technique (VCT) Untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Toleransi Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Nurul Ittihad Kota Jambi. Inspirasi Edukatif: Jurnal Pembelajaran Aktif, 6(2), 413–430.

Umiarso, & Asnawan, A. (2022). Social Conflict Resolution Among Islamic Ideologies in Puger, Jember, East Java. Dialog, 45(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v45i1.576

Wismayanti, Y. F., O’Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2021). The problematization of child sexual abuse in policy and law: The Indonesian example. Child Abuse & Neglect, 118, 105157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105157

Zakiyah, Q. Y., & Rusdiana, A. (2014). Pendidikan Nilai Kajian Teori dan Praktik di Sekolah. CV. Pustaka Setia.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jerr.v8i2.8591

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Publisher:

Institute of Managing and Publishing of Scientific Journals STKIP Singkawang

Address : STKIP Singkawang, Jalan STKIP - Kelurahan Naram, Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat, INDONESIA, 79251
No. Telp.   : +62562 420 0344
No. Fax.    : +62562 420 0584

Journal of Educational Review and Research

e-ISSN : 2597-9760

p-ISSN : 2597-9752

Editor in Chief: [email protected][email protected] / Wa : +6285347441263

Publisher: [email protected] / [email protected] / Wa: +6282142072788

Management Tools

     

JERR IS INDEXED BY


Creative Commons License

Journal of Educational Review and Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.