Systematic Review: Factors Affecting Compliance with Antihypertensive Medication Consumption among the Elderly in Primary Health Care Facilities

Herni Siswati; Budi Aji; Suratman Suratman

doi:10.26737/ij-mds.v9i1.7464

Systematic Review: Factors Affecting Compliance with Antihypertensive Medication Consumption among the Elderly in Primary Health Care Facilities

Herni Siswati, Budi Aji, Suratman Suratman

Abstract

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease often referred to as a "silent killer" as it typically presents no symptoms until serious complications arise. Elderly individuals, being a vulnerable population, require consistent and long-term medication; however, adherence to antihypertensive treatment remains a significant challenge in primary health care facilities. This systematic review aims to analyse the factors influencing medication adherence among the elderly based on quantitative studies conducted in Indonesia between 2020 and 2025. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar with relevant keywords. From a total of 1,103 articles, 10 studies were selected by the PRISMA guidelines. Findings indicated that adherence rates ranged from 50% to 75%. The main influencing factors included the level of patient knowledge, family support, the role of health care providers, and intervention programs such as counselling and Prolanis (a chronic disease management program). In conclusion, improving medication adherence among the elderly requires targeted health education, family empowerment, and active engagement of health professionals within primary care settings.

Keywords

Hypertension; Elderly Medication Adherence; Primary Health Care Facilities

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdisa, L., Balis, B., Shiferaw, K., Debella, A., Bekele, H., Girma, S., Mechal, A., Amare, E., Kechine, T., Tari, K., Nigussie, K., Assefa, N., & Letta, S. (2022). Self-care practices and associated factors among hypertension patients in public hospitals in Harari regional state and Dire Dawa City administration, Eastern Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.911593

Agustina, N. W. P. D., Nursasi, A. Y., & Permatasari, H. (2023). Edukasi Kesehatan dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Lansia Hipertensi. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 6(2), 2049–2059. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v6i2.5961

Anjarsari, R., Padoli, P., & Waluyo, K. O. (2023). Kepatuhan Minum Obat dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hipertensi di Wilayah Puskesmas Kenjeran Surabaya. Jurnal Keperawatan, 17(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.36568/nersbaya.v17i2.31

Arini, A., Wijaksono, M. A., & Tasalim, R. (2024). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan dalam mengkonsumsi obat antihipertensi. Journal of Health Research Science, 4(02), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.34305/jhrs.v4i2.1270

Arrang, S. T., Veronica, N., & Notario, D. (2023). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Faktor Lainnya dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Pasien Hipertensi di RSAL Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pelayanan Farmasi (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice), 13(4), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.84908

Burnier, M., & Egan, B. M. (2019). Adherence in Hypertension: A Review of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Impact, and Management. Circulation Research, 124(7), 1124–1140. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313220

Dewi, D. A. P. S., Ida Ayu, M. P. S., Sudiari, M., & Dewi, N. M. A. C. (2022). Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Lansia Hipertensi Pada Fasilitas Pelayanan Primer Pemerintah Di Denpasar. Bali Medika Jurnal, 9(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i1.200

Dzau, V. J., & Hodgkinson, C. P. (2024). Precision Hypertension. Hypertension, 81(4), 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1161/Hypertensionaha.123.21710

Egan, B. M., Mattix-Kramer, H. J., Basile, J. N., & Sutherland, S. E. (2024). Managing Hypertension in Older Adults. Current Hypertension Reports, 26(4), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-023-01289-7

Farah, R. I., Alawwa, I. A., Khateeb, D. Q., Hwidi, B. E., Albdour, K. M., Monia, O. G. B., Assaf, R. N., Aldabaibah, A. A., Alsaket, G. I. J., & Alshrouf, M. A. (2024). Factors Affecting the Level of Adherence to Hypertension Medications: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the Hill-Bone Questionnaire. Patient Preference and Adherence, 18(April 2024), 893–904. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S457026

Fernandez, C., García, J., Adams, D., Fernandez, D., Mielgo, J., Caballero, A., Racionero, F., Córdova, A., & Miron, J. (2019). Adherence to treatment and related factors among patients with chronic conditions in primary care : a cross-sectional study. BMC Family Practice, 3(1), 1–12. https://bmcprimcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-019-1019-3

Geleta, Z. M., Diriba, D. C., & Jabana, D. E. (2025). Perceived family support status and associated factors among people with hypertension in Nekemte City public hospitals, Western Ethiopia. PLoS ONE, 20(5 May), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321156

Gustina, E., Harokan, A., Wahyudi, A., Tinggi, S., Kesehatan, I., Husada, B., & Indonesia, P. (2025). Analisis Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi Pada Lansia Dengan Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Muara Enim Tahun 2024. Jurnal Ners, 9(28), 606–616. http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/ners

Heflin, C., Hodges, L., Ojinnaka, C. O., & Arteaga, I. (2022). Hypertension, Diabetes and Medication Adherence among the Older Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program Population. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 41(3), 780–787. https://doi.org/10.1177/07334648211022493

Hu, Z., Zhang, H., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., Meng, R., Shen, K., Chen, J., & He, Y. (2025). Factors affecting treatment adherence among patients with hypertension based on the PRECEDE model: A cross-sectional study from a delay discounting perspective. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 25(1), 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2025.100553

Litwin, M., & Kułaga, Z. (2021). Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and primary hypertension. Pediatric Nephrology, 36(4), 825–837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04579-3

Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2019). Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018 (Kementerian Kesehatan RI (ed.); 1st ed. Kemenkes RI.

Nainggolan, I., Nurasni, N., Simanjuntak, N. J. P., Novriani, E., Piska, F., Meutia, R., & Neswita, E. (2024). Pengaruh konseling obat terhadap pengetahuan dan tingkat kepatuhan pasien hipertensi Tahun 2023. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 184–189. https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com.v7i2.507

Ojangba, T., Boamah, S., Miao, Y., Guo, X., Fen, Y., Agboyibor, C., Yuan, J., & Dong, W. (2023). Comprehensive effects of lifestyle reform, adherence, and related factors on hypertension control: A review. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 25(6), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14653

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Pokharel, Y., Karmacharya, B. M., & Neupane, D. (2022). Hypertension—A Silent Killer Without Global Bounds: What Next? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 80(8), 818–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.05.043

Rachmawati, F. A., Rejeki, D. S., Wahyuningsih, E., & Radi, R. (2024). Factors Determining the Incidence of Hemorrhagic and Non- Hemorrhagic Strokes in Patients Aged 35-70 At Banyumas Regional Hospital. Insights in Public Health Journal.

Roza, Y., & Magriasti, L. (2020). Efektivitas Penyelenggaraan Program Posyandu Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jua Gaek Kecamatan Gunung Talang Kabupaten Solok. Jurnal Teori Dan Riset Administrasi Publik, 4(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.24036/jtrap.v4i1.38

Sasih, N. L., I Gusti Ayu Agung Septiari, Ni Putu Wintariani, & I Putu Riska Ardinata. (2023). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Dukungan Keluarga, dan Peran Petugas Kesehatan Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Lansia Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kintamani V. Journal Scientific of Mandalika (JSM) e-ISSN 2745-5955 | p-ISSN 2809-0543, 4(9), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.36312/10.36312/vol4iss9pp151-163

Sasmita, W., Utomo, W., & Nauli, F. A. (2021). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi Dengan Kualitas Hidup lansia Pendrita Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas. Jurnal Ilmu Kes Umc, 10(2), 1–10. https://e-journal.umc.ac.id/index.php/JIK/article/view/2570/1512

Siswati, Sari, D. S. A., Praningsih, S., Maryati, H., & Nurmalinsyah, F. F. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Minum Obat Anti Hipertensi Pada Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan (Scientific Journal of Nursing), 9(5), 669–675. https://doi.org/10.33023/jikep.v9i5.1763

Song, J., Wang, X., Wang, B., Ge, Y., Bi, L., Jing, F., Jin, H., Li, T., Gu, B., Wang, L., Hao, J., Zhao, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, H., Li, X., Li, J., Ma, W., Wang, J., Normand, S. L. T., … Zheng, X. (2024). Learning implementation of a guideline based decision support system to improve hypertension treatment in primary care in China: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-079143

Susanto, T., Hernawati, S., Yunanto, R. A., Rahmawati, I., Ati, N. A. L., & Fauziah, W. (2024). Family Self-management Program for Hypertension Management and Sodium Consumption Adherence: A Parallel Randomized Control Trial Among Family Caregivers and People With Hypertension. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 24(4), e00628–e00628. https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2024.163

WHO. (2023). Hypertension. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Zhang, L. X., Wang, T. T., Jiang, Y., Hou, S. B., Zhao, F. F., Zhou, X. J., & Cao, J. Y. (2024). Construction and verification of the prediction model for risk of sleep disturbance in elderly patients with hypertension: a cross-sectional survey based on NHANES database from 2005 to 2018. BMC Geriatrics, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05456-6

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/ij-mds.v9i1.7464

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Publisher:

Institute of Managing and Publishing of Scientific Journals, STKIP Singkawang

Address : STKIP Singkawang, Jalan STKIP - Kelurahan Naram, Singkawang, Kalimantan Barat, INDONESIA, 79251
No. Telp. : +62562 420 0344
No. Fax. : +62562 420 0584

International Journal of Multi Disipline Science

e-ISSN : 2615-1707